Hasła / Terms beginning with C

Water held in inorganic pores, fractures and caverns regardless of gravitation.

Filling the space between casing string and the borehole wall with cement slurry in order to isolate groundwater from the well and prevent the commingling of aquifers, oil and gas horizons.

An element of the drill stem or of the corer intended to keep them centric in the borehole or to minimize eccentricity.

A group of marine organisms that live primarily in open bodies of water. A class of molluscs with bilateral body symmetry, funnel-shaped leg, arms (tentacles) around the mouth, chitinous beak and mantle that fully encloses the viscera. The size of particular species ranges from several centimetres to 20 metres. Cephalopods are the most advanced group of molluscs. Evolutionary, they appeared very early in Earth's history, probably in Cambrian. Extant cephalopods fall into two subclasses: Nautolidea, which includes Nautilus, and Coleoidea represented by squids and octopuses.

A device installed on top of the drilling well in order to close the borehole outlet so as to prevent any uncontrolled flow of hydrocarbons. It is composed of valves and gauges that control the well.

A group of layer silicates that form groupings of tiny sheets (well visible under electron microscope only). They have various characteristic properties (such as swelling, plasticity or fire resistance) that make them useful in a number of industries; a key component of clayey rocks and soils, components of other rocks.

Drilling device used for delivery of various interventions in drilling and production wells (for example: cementation, well cleanup or fishing jobs, etc.). It is composed of a flexible steel pipe wound on a spool, integrated drive engine and of a piston pump. The device is mounted on a special truck trailer and fitted with a crane for rigging up and down operations.

Source: Jan Jewulski Metody intensyfikacji wydobycia płynów złożowych. Wydawnictwa AGH. Kraków, 2007

Total disposable groundwater reserves (as established on the basis of proving documentations approved by the Hydrogeological Documentation Commission) and potential reserves estimated using simplified methods to establish water resources of river basins and water regions.

Technically recoverable resources of which production would be economically viable, provided that environmental protection requirements are satisfied

source: W. Mizerski, H. Sylwestrzak, Słownik geologiczny, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warsaw 2002

The process of reducing sediment's volume and thickness due to the pressure, normally from the load of overlying strata.

Extinct class of chordates. Conodont fossils are built of calcium phosphate. They occur in the form of tooth-shaped skeleton elements.

Oil and gas accumulations in petroleum traps – porous permeable reservoir rocks that are sealed by impervious rocks. Sandstones and limestones/dolomites are the most common reservoir rocks. Clay shales, non-porous and non-fractured limestones, salt or anhydrytes are common sealing rocks. A vertical well must be drilled in order to produce conventional hydrocarbons. Oil and gas flow by natural lift to the borehole from permeable reservoir rocks.

Agents that reduce corrosive action of acids on steel. The principle of inhibitor's action is to reduce concentration of the acid's ions on metal's surface, thus inhibiting electrochemical processes that induce corrosion.

Source: Witold Górski Wykonywanie zabiegów intensyfikacji wydobycia ropy naftowej. Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy. Radom, 2007

Liquids that achieve very high viscosity values as a result of gel cross-linking (cross-linking is the process of establishing cross links between polymer chains, using boron, titanium or zirconium).

Source: Witold Górski Wykonywanie zabiegów intensyfikacji wydobycia ropy naftowej. Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy. Radom, 2007

Fossil energy resource, a mixture of liquid natural hydrocarbons and solid or gaseous hydrocarbons dissolved therein. Basically, crude oil components are: carbon (84 – 86%), hydrogen (12.5 – 14.5%) and small amounts of other elements (mainly oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur). Crude oil is an oily, pale yellow to brown or black liquid lighter than water with specific strong odour, often controlled by sulfur content.

Broken rock material produced as the bit progresses through the rocks during borehole drilling operations.