Hasła / Terms beginning with G

Highly viscous liquids obtained by adding a gelling agent (natural polymer) to the water.

A device used for generation of seismic waves used in seismic surveying.

Administrative decision, permission, license for exclusive exploration, appraisal or production rights in anticipation of specific benefits. It is an administrative decision made by the Ministry of the Environment that authorizes the concession holder (company or authority) to exercise specific rights under the concession. Geological and Mining Law specifies concession granting procedures, the amount of and approach to the calculation of the fees.

Results of direct observations and measurements made throughout delivery of geological works.

Source: Geological and Mining Law

The fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy that makes it possible to distinguish rock beds and represent them on a map. The formation is established on the basis of lithology of the rocks that are attributed thereto. Formation rocks must be thick enough  to enable formation mapping, i.e. marking the formation outcrops at a scale of 1:50 000. As a formal unit, the formation's rocks must be described in detail with upper and bottom boundaries marked. The formation must have its stratotype, i.e. a reference exposure of the formation's rocks.

Geological data and samples, including results of processing and interpretation thereof, in particular those presented in geological documentations and stored on electronic data media.

Source: Geological and Mining Law

Any operations made below the ground during geological operations, including those involving the use of explosives, and abandonment of workings on completion of these operations.

source: Geological and Mining Law

Design and delivery of surveys and other operations in order to establish geology of the country, in particular exploration and appraisal of mineable deposits, aquifers and for underground storage of carbon dioxide, the determination of hydrogelogical, geo-engineering conditions, and for drafting geological maps/documents, as well as design and delivery of surveys for the purposes of tapping the Earth's heat or groundwater resources.

source: Geological and Mining Law

A device for receiving rock medium vibrations that are induced by seismic waves. The vibrations are then converted to electric pulses and recorded by data logging equipment.

Extinct Paleozoic group of marine animals. Graptolites formed twig-like colonies made up of a huge amount of microscopic animals housed in tubular protein structures  called a theca. Thecas of individual organisms formed branches extending into colonies of various shapes – straight-line, undulated or spiral bands, net-like, leaf-like or dendritic colonies. Graptolites were planktonic organisms (floating freely at the sea surface) living in the upper segments of open seas and oceans, although some species have been attached to the sea bottom (benthic organisms). Graptolites occurred from Cambrian to the Carboniferous with greatest diversity in the Ordovician and Silurian. Due to a rapid diversification of that group (occurrence of new species) at that time, graptolites are an excellent stratigraphic tool for dating and correlating Ordovician and Silurian strata of rocks. Graptolites are common in shale rocks – Ordovician and Silurian claystones/mudstones. This enables relative dating of Ordovician and Silurian formations that are considered the best prospects for unconventional oil and gas exploration.